The Singapore
Model Method

This visual bar-model approach simplifies complex maths problems into clear steps. Widely used in PSLE preparation, the Singapore Model Method strengthens understanding of fractions, ratios, and percentages for confident exam success.

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introduction

Singapore Maths Model
Made Simple

The Model Method is grounded in the CPA (Concrete–Pictorial–Abstract) approach, a key principle in Singapore Mathematics pedagogy. This approach progresses from hands-on use of objects (concrete), to visual representations (pictorial), and finally to mathematical symbols and equations (abstract).

Model drawing belongs to the pictorial stage, providing a structured visual representation of a problem’s underlying structure.
By clearly illustrating the relationships between known and unknown quantities — including whole numbers, fractions, and decimals — it helps students conceptualise the problem and determine the appropriate operation, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division, needed to find the solution.

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visualLY thinking the four operations

Model Method &
the Four Operations

The Model Method helps students visualise and understand how numbers relate through addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. By using bar models, learners develop a strong conceptual grasp of the four operations, improving accuracy and confidence in Primary Maths and PSLE word problems.

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Visualising Fractions and Ratios with Bar Models

Model Method & Concepts of Fraction, Ratio & Percentage

Discover how the Model Method makes complex topics like fractions, ratios, and percentages easy to grasp. Through clear bar model diagrams, students learn to see part-whole relationships, compare quantities, and connect fractions with ratios and percentages. This visual approach helps learners solve challenging PSLE word problems confidently and develop a deeper understanding of Singapore Maths concepts.

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Think, Visualise, and Solve

Applying the bar model
to Word Problems

Through bar model representations, students learn to connect mathematical relationships, identify knowns and unknowns, and apply the unitary method effectively. This process transforms abstract problem solving into a structured, visual reasoning exercise — a cornerstone of Singapore Maths pedagogy.

Chalk-drawn clock on a blackboard, symbolizing time and education concepts.

Bridging Visual & Symbolic Thinking

Model Method & Algebraic Reasoning

As students progress to secondary school, they transition from bar models to algebraic equations. The Model Method provides a visual bridge that helps learners understand how equations represent real-world relationships in word problems. By integrating bar modelling with algebraic reasoning, students gain both conceptual clarity and procedural fluency, building confidence in tackling PSLE to O-Level Maths challenges.

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